North Korea conducted artillery drills, ordered by leader Kim Jong-un, on Changrin Islet, just above the Northern Limit Line (NLL), on Nov. 25. South Korea responded by calling the drills a violation of the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), signed by the two Koreas on Sept. 19, 2018. South Korean Defense Ministry Spokesperson Choi Hyun-soo called on North Korea to “immediately stop all military actions in border areas, which are feared to heighten military tensions.” Located just 45 km of South Korea's Baengnyeong Island, Changrin Islet falls within the maritime buffer zone designated by the CMA, which North Korea never violated before its artillery drills.